Source code for Orange.regression.curvefit

import ast
from typing import Callable, List, Optional, Union, Dict, Tuple, Any

import numpy as np
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit

from Orange.data import Table, Domain, ContinuousVariable, StringVariable
from Orange.data.filter import HasClass
from Orange.data.util import get_unique_names
from Orange.preprocess import RemoveNaNColumns, Impute
from Orange.regression import Learner, Model

__all__ = ["CurveFitLearner"]


class CurveFitModel(Model):
    def __init__(
            self,
            domain: Domain,
            original_domain: Domain,
            parameters_names: List[str],
            parameters: np.ndarray,
            function: Optional[Callable],
            create_lambda_args: Optional[Tuple]
    ):
        super().__init__(domain, original_domain)
        self.__parameters_names = parameters_names
        self.__parameters = parameters

        if function is None and create_lambda_args is not None:
            function, names, _ = _create_lambda(**create_lambda_args)
            assert parameters_names == names

        assert function

        self.__function = function
        self.__create_lambda_args = create_lambda_args

    @property
    def coefficients(self) -> Table:
        return Table(Domain([ContinuousVariable("coef")],
                            metas=[StringVariable("name")]),
                     self.__parameters[:, None],
                     metas=np.array(self.__parameters_names)[:, None])

    def predict(self, X: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
        predicted = self.__function(X, *self.__parameters)
        if not isinstance(predicted, np.ndarray):
            # handle constant function; i.e. len(self.domain.attributes) == 0
            return np.full(len(X), predicted, dtype=float)
        return predicted.flatten()

    def __getstate__(self) -> Dict:
        if not self.__create_lambda_args:
            raise AttributeError(
                "Can't pickle/copy callable. Use str expression instead."
            )
        return {
            "domain": self.domain,
            "original_domain": self.original_domain,
            "parameters_names": self.__parameters_names,
            "parameters": self.__parameters,
            "function": None,
            "args": self.__create_lambda_args,
        }

    def __setstate__(self, state: Dict):
        self.__init__(*state.values())


[docs] class CurveFitLearner(Learner): """ Fit a function to data. It uses the scipy.curve_fit to find the optimal values of parameters. Parameters ---------- expression : callable or str A modeling function. If callable, it must take the independent variable as the first argument and the parameters to fit as separate remaining arguments. If string, a lambda function is created, using `expression`, `available_feature_names`, `function` and `env` attributes. Should be string for pickling the model. parameters_names : list of str List of parameters names. Only needed when the expression is callable. features_names : list of str List of features names. Only needed when the expression is callable. available_feature_names : list of str List of all available features names. Only needed when the expression is string. Needed to distinguish between parameters and features when translating the expression into the lambda. functions : list of str List of all available functions. Only needed when the expression is string. Needed to distinguish between parameters and functions when translating the expression into the lambda. sanitizer : callable Function for sanitizing names. env : dict An environment to capture in the lambda's closure. p0 : list of floats, optional Initial guess for the parameters. bounds : 2-tuple of array_like, optional Lower and upper bounds on parameters. preprocessors : tuple of Orange preprocessors, optional The processors that will be used when data is passed to the learner. Examples -------- >>> import numpy as np >>> from Orange.data import Table >>> from Orange.regression import CurveFitLearner >>> data = Table("housing") >>> # example with callable expression >>> cfun = lambda x, a, b, c: a * np.exp(-b * x[:, 0] * x[:, 1]) + c >>> learner = CurveFitLearner(cfun, ["a", "b", "c"], ["CRIM", "LSTAT"]) >>> model = learner(data) >>> pred = model(data) >>> coef = model.coefficients >>> # example with str expression >>> sfun = "a * exp(-b * CRIM * LSTAT) + c" >>> names = [a.name for a in data.domain.attributes] >>> learner = CurveFitLearner(sfun, available_feature_names=names, ... functions=["exp"]) >>> model = learner(data) >>> pred = model(data) >>> coef = model.coefficients """ preprocessors = [HasClass(), RemoveNaNColumns(), Impute()] __returns__ = CurveFitModel name = "Curve Fit" def __init__( self, expression: Union[Callable, ast.Expression, str], parameters_names: Optional[List[str]] = None, features_names: Optional[List[str]] = None, available_feature_names: Optional[List[str]] = None, functions: Optional[List[str]] = None, sanitizer: Optional[Callable] = None, env: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, p0: Union[List, Dict, None] = None, bounds: Union[Tuple, Dict] = (-np.inf, np.inf), preprocessors=None ): super().__init__(preprocessors) if callable(expression): if parameters_names is None: raise TypeError("Provide 'parameters_names' parameter.") if features_names is None: raise TypeError("Provide 'features_names' parameter.") args = None function = expression else: if available_feature_names is None: raise TypeError("Provide 'available_feature_names' parameter.") if functions is None: raise TypeError("Provide 'functions' parameter.") args = dict(expression=expression, available_feature_names=available_feature_names, functions=functions, sanitizer=sanitizer, env=env) function, parameters_names, features_names = _create_lambda(**args) if isinstance(p0, dict): p0 = [p0.get(p, 1) for p in parameters_names] if isinstance(bounds, dict): d = [-np.inf, np.inf] lower_bounds = [bounds.get(p, d)[0] for p in parameters_names] upper_bounds = [bounds.get(p, d)[1] for p in parameters_names] bounds = lower_bounds, upper_bounds self.__function = function self.__parameters_names = parameters_names self.__features_names = features_names self.__p0 = p0 self.__bounds = bounds # needed for pickling - if the expression is a lambda function, the # learner is not picklable self.__create_lambda_args = args @property def parameters_names(self) -> List[str]: return self.__parameters_names
[docs] def fit_storage(self, data: Table) -> CurveFitModel: domain: Domain = data.domain attributes = [] for attr in domain.attributes: if attr.name in self.__features_names: if not attr.is_continuous: raise ValueError("Numeric feature expected.") attributes.append(attr) new_domain = Domain(attributes, domain.class_vars, domain.metas) transformed = data.transform(new_domain) params = curve_fit(self.__function, transformed.X, transformed.Y, p0=self.__p0, bounds=self.__bounds)[0] return CurveFitModel(new_domain, domain, self.__parameters_names, params, self.__function, self.__create_lambda_args)
def __getstate__(self) -> Dict: if not self.__create_lambda_args: raise AttributeError( "Can't pickle/copy callable. Use str expression instead." ) state = self.__create_lambda_args.copy() state["parameters_names"] = None state["features_names"] = None state["p0"] = self.__p0 state["bounds"] = self.__bounds state["preprocessors"] = self.preprocessors return state def __setstate__(self, state: Dict): expression = state.pop("expression") self.__init__(expression, **state)
def _create_lambda( expression: Union[str, ast.Expression] = "", available_feature_names: List[str] = None, functions: List[str] = None, sanitizer: Callable = None, env: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None ) -> Tuple[Callable, List[str], List[str]]: """ Create a lambda function from a string expression. Parameters ---------- expression : str or ast.Expression Right side of a modeling function. available_feature_names : list of str List of all available features names. Needed to distinguish between parameters, features and functions. functions : list of str List of all available functions. Needed to distinguish between parameters, features and functions. sanitizer : callable, optional Function for sanitizing variable names. env : dict, optional An environment to capture in the lambda's closure. Returns ------- func : callable The created lambda function. params : list of str The recognied parameters withint the expression. vars_ : list of str The recognied variables withint the expression. Examples -------- >>> from Orange.data import Table >>> data = Table("housing") >>> sfun = "a * exp(-b * CRIM * LSTAT) + c" >>> names = [a.name for a in data.domain.attributes] >>> func, par, var = _create_lambda(sfun, available_feature_names=names, ... functions=["exp"], env={"exp": np.exp}) >>> y = func(data.X, 1, 2, 3) >>> par ['a', 'b', 'c'] >>> var ['CRIM', 'LSTAT'] """ if sanitizer is None: sanitizer = lambda n: n if env is None: env = {name: getattr(np, name) for name in functions} exp = ast.parse(expression, mode="eval") search = _ParametersSearch( [sanitizer(name) for name in available_feature_names], functions ) search.visit(exp) params = search.parameters used_sanitized_feature_names = search.variables name = get_unique_names(params, "x") feature_mapper = {n: i for i, n in enumerate(used_sanitized_feature_names)} exp = _ReplaceVars(name, feature_mapper, functions).visit(exp) lambda_ = ast.Lambda( args=ast.arguments( posonlyargs=[], args=[ast.arg(arg=arg) for arg in [name] + params], varargs=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], defaults=[], ), body=exp.body ) exp = ast.Expression(body=lambda_) ast.fix_missing_locations(exp) vars_ = [name for name in available_feature_names if sanitizer(name) in used_sanitized_feature_names] # pylint: disable=eval-used return eval(compile(exp, "<lambda>", mode="eval"), env), params, vars_ class _ParametersSearch(ast.NodeVisitor): """ Find features and parameters: - feature: if node is instance of ast.Name and is included in vars_names - parameters: if node is instance of ast.Name and is not included in functions Parameters ---------- vars_names : list of str List of all available features names. Needed to distinguish between parameters, features and functions. functions : list of str List of all available functions. Needed to distinguish between parameters, features and functions. Attributes ---------- parameters : list of str List of used parameters. variables : list of str List of used features. """ def __init__(self, vars_names: List[str], functions: List[str]): super().__init__() self.__vars_names = vars_names self.__functions = functions self.__parameters: List[str] = [] self.__variables: List[str] = [] @property def parameters(self) -> List[str]: return self.__parameters @property def variables(self) -> List[str]: return self.__variables def visit_Name(self, node: ast.Name) -> ast.Name: if node.id in self.__vars_names: # don't use Set in order to preserve parameters order if node.id not in self.__variables: self.__variables.append(node.id) elif node.id not in self.__functions: # don't use Set in order to preserve parameters order if node.id not in self.__parameters: self.__parameters.append(node.id) return node class _ReplaceVars(ast.NodeTransformer): """ Replace feature names with X[:, i], where i is index of feature. Parameters ---------- name : str List of all available features names. Needed to distinguish between parameters, features and functions. vars_mapper : dict Dictionary of used features names and the belonging index from domain. functions : list of str List of all available functions. """ def __init__(self, name: str, vars_mapper: Dict, functions: List): super().__init__() self.__name = name self.__vars_mapper = vars_mapper self.__functions = functions def visit_Name(self, node: ast.Name) -> Union[ast.Name, ast.Subscript]: if node.id not in self.__vars_mapper or node.id in self.__functions: return node else: n = self.__vars_mapper[node.id] return ast.Subscript( value=ast.Name(id=self.__name, ctx=ast.Load()), slice=ast.ExtSlice( dims=[ast.Slice(lower=None, upper=None, step=None), ast.Index(value=ast.Num(n=n))]), ctx=node.ctx ) if __name__ == "__main__": import matplotlib.pyplot as plt housing = Table("housing") xdata = housing.X ydata = housing.Y func = lambda x, a, b, c: a * np.exp(-b * x[:, 0]) + c pred = CurveFitLearner(func, ["a", "b", "c"], ["LSTAT"])(housing)(housing) plt.plot(xdata[:, 12], ydata, "o") indices = np.argsort(xdata[:, 12]) plt.plot(xdata[indices, 12], pred[indices]) plt.show()